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Quick Check list Pruning is a vital part of plant and tree care. Three basic tools suffice for most pruning jobs: secateurs, loppers, and a pruning saw. Keep them sharp for clean cuts and make sure you disinfect them after pruning diseased material. 1. Roses Prune in winter or early spring when plants are still dormant. Prune to maintain symmetrical bushes and encourage strong new growth. Cut back all previous years growth as much as one-third its length. Remove branches that cross through the center of the plant. Also prune weak and dead stems as required to encourage strong new growth. 2. Holly Prune in winter or early spring mostly to shape plants. Cut back wayward branches and prune out weak unproductive dead stems as needed. Holly can be pruned hard and will recover, but slowly... 3. Butterfly Bushes (Buddleia) Butterfly bushes flower in the summer on new spring growth. They can be pruned in late winter or early spring. Pruning encourages new flowers. Also prune out old dead and unproductive branches. The later they are pruned, generally the later they flower, so if you've a few it can be useful to leave some until early spring to extend the flowering season. 4. Hydrangeas Hydrangeas fall into two groups. Some you prune in early spring and others after the flowers fade.
5. Clematis Clematis can be put in three categories: Spring-flowering, summer-flowering , and twice-flowering.
All Clematis benefit from being brought down to size, for an established plant at each annual pruning after flowering, cut 1/3rd of the longest stems down to 1-2ft above the ground. This keeps the flowers at a sensible level rather than them getting ever higher and higher up the plant. Remove any dead or diseased stems down to ground level. 6. Fruit Trees The most common fruit trees are apple, plum, pear and cherry.
7. Azaleas and Rhododendrons They can be pruned in winter or early spring, but this will cause the loss of that seasons flowers, so just after flowering is preferred. No additional pruning should be necessary. 8. Junipers and other conifers Conifers such as Junipers need very minimal pruning and should be left alone as far as possible which means more care taken to match the plant to the place at planting time. They should be pruned to correct their shape, to accent their form, or to limit their size, during the growing season in mid-summer. 9. Flowering Trees Flowering trees should be pruned after they have finished flowering. Prune as little as possible. Dead branches, branches that cross in the center, and branches that are unproductive should be pruned out. Three basic tools suffice for most pruning jobs: secateurs, loppers, and a pruning saw. Keep them sharp for clean cuts; disinfect after pruning diseased material. Q. I have a two-year old grapevine in my greenhouse. I know that I should take off any grapes whilst still young this year, but how do I prune it? When I bought it, someone talked about cutting off leaves after a certain joint, but that person is no longer available for advice. Grateful for any information. A. You need to tie-in the leading shoot so that your vine develops a good strong leader, allow it to grow unchecked. Any laterals that grow from this should be pinched back to five or six leaves and their side-shoots to one leaf. In the winter cut the leader back by a half to two thirds of total length leaving only brown ripened wood. Laterals should be cut back to a single bud if it looks strong, to two buds if the lateral bud does not look so strong. Q. What is the best time of the year to prune trees? I have Malus and Prunus - I know that one of the Prunus is called Oku-miyako but not sure of the others. Many thanks. A. There is no one time of the year to prune trees in general, it depends on the type of tree. Some respond better to dormant season pruning, others to pruning in the active growing seasons. Ornamental cherries are best pruned in early to mid summer, but they don't take too kindly to it. In general, don't prune unless you have to, to remove dead or dying wood or where branches are rubbing each other or on something else. Pruning is best carried out early in a Prunus' life. They are difficult to prune successfully without it being obvious where the cuts have been made so detracting from the natural shape of the tree. Malus are best pruned from autumn to early spring before active growth begins, so if are going to prune a Malus, do so as soon as possible. They are similar to the Prunus above in that they don't really like it, though are perhaps not quite so fussy as cherries. They don't respond well to hard pruning which often leads to further die-back from the pruned point. Q. I have just bought a house with a lovely old wisteria growing over the rear porch, it has been quite severely pruned in the past as the trunk is about 8" thick and it only extends about 12' across the roof however the porch itself badly needs painting, can I cut it right back to about 4'-5' of trunk without any damage in order to get to the woodwork? A. Yes they can be cut back drastically, but it will be several years before it's back to its former glory. Depending on practicalities, you may be able to detach it and lean it away from the wall supported by wooden props, a ladder or similar, do what you need to do and then tie it all back again, so avoiding cutting it so much. Q. I want to trim back my flowering Cherry, how close to the main trunk am I supposed to trim it? And is this a good time of the year to do it? Or can you give me any advice as regards the trimming? A. Midsummer is the best time to prune flowering cherries, when they are in strong growth after flowering. They generally don't take well to any but the lightest pruning and are best left alone. If you feel you need to make drastic cuts, then only make those that you see as absolutely necessary as they will harm the plant and may result in a wound that never properly heals and is permanently unsightly. Q. We have a (neglected) plum tree which fruits very well, though the tree is so high that most of the fruit cannot be picked even from a step- ladder. I understand it should be pruned in July to avoid silver- leaf. How drastically could it be pruned without killing it. I would like to reduce it as much as possible, but still end up with a viable healthy tree. A. I prune my plum tree in September after the fruit have been picked and it's survived ok. Drastic pruning should be carried out over a period of 3-4 years depending on the size of the tree. Too much in one go results in rapid growth of "water shoots" that are as useful as they sound. Many die off and the tree ends up congested and still not an ideal useful shape. You should get away with pruning cuts to 5-6 feet above ground level in this manner. Q. ...when is the best time to prune flowering crab apple trees for shaping and improved flowering beauty...thank you kindly. A. Treat in exactly the same way as normal apple trees. Prune when dormant when the leaves have fallen off, anytime soon to early spring. They don't take too well to drastic pruning, if there's a lot to do it needs to be spread over a few years. Q. I have moved into a property with a hawthorn "hedge" that has not been cut for at least 15 years. It is more like a row of 30-foot high trees. My tenancy agreement prohibits me from REMOVING the hedge, but allows me to cut it. Will it regenerate if I cut it down to less than 6ft (even to ground level) or do I have to live with the dense shade it throws? A. Hawthorn responds well to hard pruning, however I have never lopped quite so much off in one go. I would guess that you could cut them pretty much to ground level (say 1 ft above) and get good strong regrowth - but wouldn't guarantee it. To 6ft shouldn't be a problem at all. What's on the other side? I'd be wary of cutting it down too much as you might find out too late how useful a barrier it is. Q. For the last five years I have used a product called Cutless to control the growth of my beautiful privet hedge, the results are fantastic, but now I am told that the E.C.U. does not think I am responsible enough to spray my own hedge please where can I obtain this incredible product .I believe it is still available to professional hedge trimmers also does the turf retardant sell in U.K.? A. This is no longer allowed to be used at all. There were a whole load of chemicals that became restricted in use or just outright banned last year. You can see the point of this one though, unrestrained use of plant growth retardants could be a problem irrespective of how toxic the chemicals are to the wildlife that may pick it up from the food chain. There are apparently extensive breeding programme going on (somewhere) of grass that grows more slowly, but development seems as rapid as the intended growth rate. Every year or so for about the last 10, I've heard that it's almost ready, but then it fades away again. In the meantime it's back to the shears and mower.
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Cottage
Garden Perennial Bumper Pack